This is the first demonstration of automatic patch-clamp in intact cells (i.e., not with patch clamp chips which work with suspensions). It was done in vivo, which is actually simpler than in vitro because it is blind: the pipette is lowered until a cell is detected, which is signaled by an increase in resistance. The full code and circuit designs are freely available, although the code is in Labview, proprietary software; it is also made for specific hardware (amplifier and acquisition board), although this can of course be adapted. An update with more detail has been recently published (Kodandaramaiah et al. 2016). The key element is the pressure controller, which allows the program to send positive or negative pressure and suction pulses through the pipette. There is a clever design in this study, which is very cheap to build: there are 4 tanks with specified pressures (I suppose using large pipettes that are manually filled with air), and a few electrovalves controlled by an acquisition board switch between the different tanks.